These proteins have a very unusual and simple structure. They are made up of 4 to 55 repeats of just three amino acids, whereas most proteins contain all 20 different types of amino acids. Sean B. Carroll, The Making of the Fittest: DNA and the Ultimate Forensic Record of Evolution (2007) p.25 ان هياكل هذه البروتينات غير تقليدى و بسيط فهو يتألف من تكرار 3 أحماض أمينية فقط بينما معظم البروتينات ليست كذلك -عالم البيولوجيا التطورية شون كارول لا يتوقف التطوريون عن اتحافنا بردود ل

it might mean that even given a large variety of starting points for developing coded amino acid sets, biology might end up converging on a similar set. As this model was based on the invariant physical and chemical properties of the amino acids themselves, this could mean that even Life beyond Earth might be very similar to modern Earth life. Tokyo Institute of Technology 2019, ‘Scientists find biology’s optimal “molecular alphabet” may be preordained’, ScienceDaily, 10 Sept

فى مقالته الشهيرة "لا شئ فى البيولوجيا يمكن فهمه الا فى ضوء التطور" يستدل ثيودوسيوس دوبزانسكى بتدرج التشابهات البروتينية بين الكائنات المختلفة على التطور فيضرب لنا المثال ببروتينات الهيموجلوبين و السايتوكروم سى و كيف أننا عندما نقارن بين هذه البروتينات لدى الانسان و غيره من الكائنات نجد التدرج التطورى الذى نتوقعه ففارق هذه البروتينات بيننا و بين الشمبانزى هو الأقل (كونه الأقرب لنا تطوريا) ثم كلما ابتعدنا عبر شجرة العائلة التطورية (رئيسيات – ثدييات – فقاريات برية – برمائيات –

Time is the hero of the plot … Given so much time, the impossible becomes possible, the possible becomes probable, the probable becomes virtually certain. One only has to wait; time itself performs miracles. George Wald "The Origin of Life" Scientific American, Vol. 191, No. 2, August 1954 p. 44-53 من العجيب جدا أن النظرية التى تستدل فى مواضع كثيرة بأن الزمن يصنع المستحيلات أصبحت فجأة تريد أن تستدل بالمستحيلات. هذا نموذج للاستدلال بالتشهى الذى تمارسه نظرية التطور حسب ما يناسب

We have to wonder why the Intelligent Designer added to our genome junk DNA, repeated copies of useless DNA, orphan genes, gene...

Mammalian genomes are littered with such AREs[Ancient Repetitive Elements], with roughly 45 percent of the human genome made up of such genetic flotsam and jetsam. Collins, F. S. 2006. The Language of God. p.136 جينومات الثدييات مليئة بالادخالات الفيروسية القديمة.حوالى نصف الجينوم يتكون من شظايا و بقايا عمليات الادخال الفيروسى -التطورى المؤمن و رئيس مشروع قراءة الجينوم البشرى فرانسيس كولنز – كتاب لغة الاله Our genome is littered with repetitive sequences that have been insert

When one aligns sections of the human and mouse genomes, anchored by the appearance of gene counterparts that occur in the same order, one can usually also identify AREs[Ancient Repetitive Elements] in approximately the same location in these two genomes...consistent with their having arrived in the genome of a common mammalian ancestor, and having been carried along ever since. Collins, F. S. 2006. The Language of God. p.136 عندما نقارن جينوم الانسان و الفأر نستطيع أن نجد بق

Because natural selection consists only of differential reproductive success, it results in ‘selfish genes’ and genotypes, some of which have results that are inexplicable by intelligent design. We have seen that genomes are brimming with sequences such as transposable elements that increase their own numbers without benefitting the organism Douglas J. Futuyma, Evolution (Sinauer Associates, Inc., 2005), 531. لأن معيار عمل الانتخاب الطبيعى هو التباينات فى معدل التكاثر فانه يت

The human genome is littered with pseudogenes, gene fragments, ‘orphaned’ genes, ‘junk’ DNA, and so many repeated copies of pointless DNA sequences that it cannot be attributed to anything that resembles intelligent design. If the DNA of a human being or any other organism resembled a carefully constructed computer program, with neatly arranged and logically structured modules each written to fulfill a specific function, the evidence of intelligent design would be overwhelmin

If the human genome is indeed devoid of junk DNA as implied by the ENCODE project, then a long, undirected evolutionary process cannot explain the human genome. If, on the other hand, organisms are designed, then all DNA, or as much as possible, is expected to exhibit function. If ENCODE is right, then Evolution is wrong Dan Graur, "How to assemble a human genome,” lecture at the University of Houston (December 2013), slides 16, 19. https://www.slideshare.net/dangraur1953/upd

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